SOLUTION

• Electrical instruments can broadly be classified into absolute and secondary types.

Absolute Instruments: These instruments define the magnitude of an electrical quantity (like current, voltage, etc.) directly in terms of fundamental or base units (like mass, length, time). They don’t rely on comparison with another instrument. A tangent galvanometer is a classic example of Absolute Instruments.

Secondary Instruments: These instruments are calibrated against absolute instruments. They provide direct readings of the electrical quantity being measured. Voltmeters, ammeters, wattmeters, and energy meters are all examples of secondary instruments.