SOLUTION

• Wave excitation of a stepper motor results in half step.
• A stepper motor converts electronic signals into mechanical movement each time an incoming pulse is applied to the motor.
• There are three commonly used excitation modes for stepper motors, full step, half step and microstepping.
• One-phase excitation (wave excitation): While it does result in low torque due to the single coil being energized, it also has the advantage of being the simplest and most energy-efficient mode. It’s suitable for applications where torque requirements are minimal, but precise positioning is crucial.
• Two-phase excitation: It provides the highest torque because both coils are energized. The fixed excitation sequence limits its resolution to full steps, which might not be suitable for high-precision movements.
• Microstepping: This advanced mode uses variable currents in multiple coils simultaneously, achieving very high resolution and incredibly smooth movement. It Requires a more complex driver but provides the best control and flexibility.