SOLUTION

Power Factor is a measure that indicates how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work output. It is defined as the ratio of active power (real power) to apparent power in a circuit. The power factor can range from 0 to 1, where 1 indicates that all the energy supplied is being used effectively.

1. Heater: A heater is a resistive load, and it typically operates at a power factor close to 1. This means it uses almost all the supplied energy as active power, resulting in efficient operation.
2. Induction Motor: Induction motors usually operate at a low power factor, especially under light load conditions. The power factor can be as low as 0.2 when the motor is running without load. This low power factor occurs because, under light loads, the motor requires more reactive power, which reduces the overall power factor.
3. Incandescent Lamp: An incandescent lamp also operates at a power factor close to 1 since it converts nearly all supplied electrical energy into light and heat, using active power effectively.

Conclusion

The correct answer is Induction Motor, as it operates with nearly zero power factor, particularly under light load conditions.