IOCL Junior Operator Fitter MCQ || IOCL Junior Operator General Science Questions and Answers

The primary purpose of filing is removing excess material.

• Material Removal: Filing is a crucial process in many metalworking applications. It involves using a file (a tool with multiple cutting edges) to remove small amounts of material from a workpiece.
• Shaping and Finishing: Filing is used to:
  • Shape the workpiece to the desired dimensions and contours.
  • Smooth surfaces after other machining operations (like sawing or turning).
  • Remove burrs and sharp edges.
  • Prepare surfaces for further finishing (like polishing or painting).

The part of the file opposite the tang is the Tip/Point.

• Tang: The tang is the narrow end of the file that fits into the handle.
• Tip/Point: The opposite end of the file, furthest from the tang, is called the tip or point.

The broad part of the file with teeth cut on its surface is called the Face/Side.

• Face/Side: This is the primary working surface of the file, containing the rows of teeth that remove material during filing.

• The edge of a file is the thin part that features a single row of parallel teeth.
• This contrasts with the face of the file, which typically has multiple rows of teeth, often in a double-cut pattern.
• The single-cut on the edge is useful for precision filing or finishing.

• The curved part separating the tang from the body of the file is the Shoulder.
• The shoulder is like the curved neck of the file. It’s where the pointy part (tang) that goes into the handle.

The purpose of the ferrule is to prevent handle cracking.

• Reinforcement: The ferrule is a metal ring that is fitted over the end of the file handle where the tang is inserted.
• Strengthens the Joint: It reinforces the joint between the tang and the handle, preventing the wood from splitting or cracking under the stress of filing.
• Durability: By distributing the force more evenly, the ferrule helps to prolong the life of the file handle.

• Files are generally made of High carbon or high-grade cast steel.
• Files need to be resistant to wear, have high tensile strength, and be hard enough to cut into other metals.
• For these reasons, files are generally made of high carbon steel or high-grade cast steel.
• The high carbon content reinforces the structure of the steel, making it harder and more resistant to abrasion

• The tang is typically not hardened.
• The body, teeth, and face of the file are hardened to provide the necessary abrasive properties.
• However, the tang, which is the part of the file that fits into the handle, is usually left unhardened.
• This is because a hardened tang would be brittle and prone to snapping or breaking when force is applied during use.

The four basic types of file cuts are:

1. Single Cut:

   • One set of parallel teeth cut diagonally across the face of the file.
   • Used for finishing work and achieving a smoother surface.

2. Double Cut:

   • Two sets of teeth cut at an angle to each other, creating a criss-cross pattern.
   • Removes material more aggressively than single-cut files.

3. Rasp Cut:

   • Individual, sharp, pointed teeth that protrude from the file surface.
   • Used for roughing and shaping, especially on softer materials like wood.

4. Curved Cut:

   • Teeth are cut in a curved pattern, creating a deeper cutting action.
   • Often used for removing material from softer metals.

• The teeth on a single-cut file are cut at an angle of 60 degrees relative to the centerline of the file.
• This specific angle allows the file to effectively cut into materials while also helping to clear chips away from the cutting surface.

• Single-cut files are typically used for finishing work and achieving a smoother surface compared to double-cut files, which have teeth arranged in a crisscross pattern for faster material removal.